LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Ar hian ran dang aiin natna an la hmain an thih pui awlsam bik emaw tih tur a ni. Tin, tunlai artui tam Layer
leh ar thang chak chi Broiler te phei hi chu natna hrik lakah an duapkai zual a, chuvangin, inven hi enkawl
aiin a tha zawk fo a ni.
Ar natna avangin kawng hnihin hlohna a awm thin a, a kawngkhatna ah chuan ar a lo thihin arthi man, an eiral
man leh enkawlna a senso zawng zawng hloh vek a ni. A pahnihna chu an lo damloh emaw an than a lo thut deuh
a an enkawlna damdawi leh senso thlawn ta te a awm leh a. Hlawkna duha ar vulh kan nih miau avangin natna
thlentu(natna hrik) leh natna thlentir theitu kan hriat a ngai thin a ni. Natna thlentir thei tute chu a
tlangpuiin chaw that tawk loh vangte, ar in leh a vel tawp vangte, ar in chhunga ar chep lutuka dah vangte
leh sik leh sa danglam lutuk vangte an ni ber.
I. Virus natna hrikin a thlente :
A. Ar pul hri (Newcastle Disease/Ranikhet Disease) Ar pul hri han tih hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, tuna kan sawi tur hi Mizorama kan hmuh zin ber leh kan ar vulh suat hnem ber tu Newcastle Disease an tih bawk hi a ni, he ar pul hri hi Mizoramah chauh ni lo, khawvel pumpuiah ar vulh tu te hmelma lian ber pakhat, hun tawite chhunga tlak chhiatna thlen rup thei tu a ni, ar hmai bakah Saiar, varak, vahmim , parva, chawngzawngte pawhin an vei thei, mihring tan natna hlauhawm a ni lem lova, mitna (conjunctivitis) erawh a thlen thei.
1) A natna thlentu : He natna thlentu hi Virus chikhat Paramyxovirus a ni a, he virus hi natna hrik thi har tak a ni, tui chhuanso ah 1 min a dam thei a, nisa hnuaiah minute 40 ah emaw tuisa degree 55 a minute 45 chhung chuan in a thi thei thung, tin Phenol te dettol leh chloroform te pawhin a ti hlum thei.
2) Natna in kai chhawn dan : He natna hi kawng hrang hrangin ar in a kai thei, chungte chu
a) Ar pul leh ar hrisel an tlat hovin awlsam takin an in kai chhawng thei, he natna hrik hi arpul ek-ah leh mittuiah te lo chhuakin ar tui in tur leh chaw te ti bawlhhlawhin ar hrisel laiin a lo kai chhawng ve thin, tin ar pul khuh leh thaw atangin he natna hrik hi chhuakin boruakah rei tak a damin ar hriselin an thawk luhin he natna hi an lo vei thin.
b) Ar pul dam chhuak leh te hi he natna pu darhtu pakhat an ni, an dam atanga thla hnih chhung chu he natna hrik hi an la e chhuak a ni, ar pul dam chhuak l eh te hi an dam chhungin he natna atang hian an him tawh a ni.
c) Ar enkawltu te leh ar neitu te hi a hri thehdarh tu lian tak an ni bawk, a bik takin Mizorama ar vulhtu te hi kan la fimkhur tawk lo hle, thenawmte ar kan en emaw, ar-in kan luh hian mahni ar hriselna kan tiderthawng theih bakah thenawmte ar pawh kan ti derthawng tih hriat a tha, mihring taksaah leh thawmhnaw ah he natna hrik hi rei tak a dam thei.
d) Chawngzawng leh sava dangte atangin ar in an kai chhawng thei bawk.
e) Farm arpul hri lenna atanga artui, artui bawm leh ar-chaw lo kal atangin ar hriselin an lo kai chhawng thei bawk.
3) Ar pul hri lanchhuah dan : Ar pul hri hi chi liin a lang chhuak thin. Chungte chu :-
a) Velogenic form : Hei hi a hlauhawm ber chi a ni a, ar zawng zawng 100 ah 90 ten an thih phah thin, ar an lo nguai a, a tirah rang takin an thaw tawp tawp a, a hnuah harsa takin ring fan meuhin an thaw ri bawrh bawrh thin, kawthalo hring nghelh nghulh, thisenin a pawlh riai riai an e chhuak a, an tha a khur a, an ring a kawi chhu a, an ke a lo zeng thin.
b) Mesogenic form : Hei hi velogenic form aiin a hlauhawm lo zawk a, ar 100 ah 15 in an thih phah thin, ar tui laiin an tui tlem phah a, an khuh a, chaw an ei duh lova, thawk an harsat a, an thla leh an ke te a lo zeng thin.
c) Lentogenic form : Hei hi a hlauhawm loh ber chi a ni a, ar puitling chuan an thih phah lem lo , amaherawhchu ar note chuan an thih phah thei, hritlang satliah angin a lang thei.
4) Ar pul hri laka inven dan :
He natna hi virus thlen a ni a, chuvangin virus natna dang ang bawkin a enkawlna damdawi mumal a awm lova, a pumpelh dan
awm chhun chu a venna (Vaccine) lak hi a ni. Ar pul venna hi arte keu hlimah mitah emaw hnara thlawr chi pek tur a ni.
Hei hian thla 2 a veng thei, a venna vawihnihna hi kar 6 hnuah chiu leh tur a ni. Hei hian kum khat chhung a
veng thung a ni. Tin vaccine bakah hian thianghlimna hi a pawimawh hle, kan ar-in leh ar-ek enkawl danin kan
ar vulh hriselna thui tak a nghawng tih hriat a tha, hmun hnawng leh ar-ek tling khawm te hi natna hrik lo pianna
a ni a, ar mai bakah ar vulhtu tan a hrisel lo tih hriat a tha hle. Tin, he natna hrik hi ar thi ah rei tak a dam
theih avangin, ar pul thite hi paih mai lovin, khur 2feet vel laih khuar a phum tur a ni. A theih phei chuan vur
hmain chinai a phul hmasak tur a ni.
B. Ar hmaihuh (Fowl Pox) :
He natna hi ar leh Sai –ar in an kai hma bik , parva, varak leh vahmim te pawhin an kai ve thei bawk.
1) Natna in kaichhawn dan : He natna hi pem te reuhte atangin emaw hliam atangin ar in an kai chhawng thei. Thosi leh rannung mi seh chi te hian he natna hrik hi an pu darh thei. He natna hi ar eng rual pawh, arte atanga ar pachal pawhin an vei thei. He natna hi natna darh chak tak a ni lem lo.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : An hmai, an chhuang chunglam leh hnuailamah pan khir angin a awm thin, hei bakah hian an ke leh taksa dangah bawl var angin a awm tan a, he bawl var hi reilo teah rawng engah a in thlak a, chumi zawhah pan khir dum ukah a lo chang leh thin. He natna hi enkawl chuan awlsam te a dam thei a ni a, enkawl loh erawh chuan an taksa hmun hrang hrangah te in taidarhin an mitte a ti pinga, an ka te a hnawh a, chaw an ei thei lova an thih phah thei.
3) Ar hmaihuh laka in ven dan : A venna tha ber chu a hri venna (Vaccine) lak hi a ni.
C. Marek’s Disease
He natna hi virus chi khat thlen a ni a, a vei tawh chu an thih puk loh vek pawhin an chawr che hle thin a ni, hei vang hian natna hlauhawm tak a ni reng a ni. He natna hi ar la upa lo kar 6-10 vela upa in an vei ber, ar tui lai an nih thleng pawhin an vei chho thei.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : He natna hrik hi ar ek atangte, attendant atang te leh farm bungraw hrang hrang atang te a theh darh thin a ni a, he natna hrik hi boruak atang pawh a inkai chhawn theih a ni.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : He natna hi ar naupang ah chuan hnawng deuha khuh ri berh berh ang emaw hahchhiau ang te in a lang chhuak thin, ar puitling chuan an thih pui meuh lova, ar note ah chuan 40% velin an thih phah thin.
3) He natna laka inven dan : He natna hi a enkawlna damdawi hranpa a awm lova, a ve nna vaccine pawh India ramah hmuh tur a la awm lem lo. A venna awmchhun tha ber chu ar in leh ar up lumna (Brooder) te damdawi hmanga tihfai a ni.
E. Infectious Bursal Disease : He virus hrikin a thlen ar natna hi a rang em em a, a darh chakin, ar la upa lo (thla 3-6 a upa) tan phei chuan rang taka thihna a ni. He natna hri hi a len tawhna ah chuan awlsam takin ar farm puma ar awmte an lo damlo chiama, ar farm hlawkna tur a ti chhe thei hle thin. Ar naupang lam te chu an kua a thalo a, an ngui a, an khawnga, an thi zui mai thin.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : Ar ek atang te, Chaw leh bungbel thianghlim lo atang te in natna hi thehdarh theih a ni. He natna hi artui atanga kai chhawn theih a ni lo.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : He natna vei arte te chu an kua a tha lovin, an ngui a, an thi mai thin. He natna hian arte mawng bula taksa peng pakhat “ Bursa of Fabricious” a run a, chu chu lo vungin hemi atang hian Posts Mortem hmangin a thih chhan hi a hriat theih thin a ni.
3) He natna laka inven dan : Vaccine hmanga ven theih a ni.
II. Bacteria Natna hrikin a thlen te :
A. Pullorum Disease : He natna hi arte natna a ni ber, bacteria chi khat Samonella pullorum in a thlen a ni. Arpuiah chuan Ovary (Hurmu) natna a awm ve thin, hei hi hriat chhuah awl lo tak a ni. He natna hrik hi ar mai bakah Sai-ar, Parva leh Vahrit te thlengin an kai chhawng thei
1)Natna inkai chhawn dan : He natna hrik hi artui atangin arte ah kai chhawn theih a ni a, arte in he natna a lo veiin a ek atangin arte dangte awlsam takin a kai chhawng thei. Ar puitlingah chuan artui ei atangte, ar dang chuk atang te in a inkai chhawn theih.
2)Natna lanchhuah dan : He natna hri hi artui awp keu laia leng a nih chuan arte piang hlim an thi phuk phuk thin a ni. An pian atanga ni 5-6 velah a dam chhun ho pawhin vawt tiin an inngheng talh talh renga, an lu an dah hniam a, an thla a pawr bawk thin.
3)Natna enkawl dan : Ar puitling chu Furazolidone hmanga enkawl dam theih a ni. He damdawi hi an tuiin tura pawlh mai tur a ni.
B. Chronic Respiratory Disease : He natna hi ar ah leh sai-ar in an vei thei a ni. He natna thlentu hi Bacteria pakhat “Mycoplasma gallisepticum” a ni . He natna avang hian ar an thi lem lo, amaherawhchu he natna an vei hian natna hrik chi dangin an run awlsam bik a ni.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : He natna hi artui atangin ar in an inkai chhawng thei bakah ar ek leh ar hnap tui atangin ar in an inkai chhawng thei bawk. Tin farm enkawl tute hi he natna hrik theh darh tu an ni thei bawk
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : A tlangpuiin ar in he natna an vei a, natna dangin a tlakbuak leh a nih loh chuan a natna hi lang chhuak em em lo pawhin a awm thei, a lang chhuak a nih pawhin khuh, hahchhiau leh hnap tui ang tein a lang thin.
3) Natna enkawl dan : He natna enkawlna tha ber chu Antibiotic chikhat Tetracycline ho hi a ni.
C. Infectious Coryza : He natna hi Bacteria pakhat “Haemophillus gallinarum” thlen a ni a, ar puitling leh thang laiah thawkna dawt leh chuap natna a ni. Thlasik khaw vawh laiin a leng deuh ber.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : Ar in khata khawsa ah rang takin an inkai darh thei.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : Ar damlo chu an hnap a lo chhuak a, an mitte a tui per thin. Ar hmai biang tawn tawnah a vung bur a, a nat rei deuh phei chuan an mitah hnai var a lo chhuak bawk thin. Ni 10 atanga thla engemawzat an damlo thei.
3) Natna enkawl dan : Sulfonamides an chaw ei tura pawlh emaw an antibiotic
pakhat Streptomycin a chiu in an enkawl dam theih.
D. Omphalitis : He natna hi arte natna a ni deuh ber, arte keu hlim lai (Naval opening) a Bacteria an luh vang a ni a. Artui chhunga arte in siam lai atangin emaw arte pian hlimah natna a lo intan thei a, arte ni 10 hnuai lam tan thih puk theih a ni.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : He natna hi artui awpkeu na khawl atanga darh a ni tlangpui, Ar note up lum na atanga inkai chhawn pawh a ni thei bawk.
2) Natna lanchhuah dan : Arte damlo te chu an chau ngawih ngawih a, a lum laiah an inngheng khawm far a, an ek a tuiril hle bawk a, an pum a lianin a fual a, a nem deuh nuak a,an lawi bawm a hing thei hle bawk.
3) Natna enkawl dan : Arte in he natna a vei hian enkawl dam an manhla tawh loh avangin tih hluma phum mai a hlawk zawk, an dam chhuak a nih pawhin laktlak vak loin an dam tawng tawng thin.
III. Fungus natna hrikin a thlen te :
A. Aspergillosis : He natna hi fungus chi khat “Aspergallus fumigatus” thlen a ni a, “Brooder Pneumonia “ tih a ni bawk thin. Arte kar 3-4 a upa ah te chuan hri leng rang tak angina 10-50% vel laiin an thih phah thei a, ar puitlingin an vei pheuh pheuh bawk.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : India ram ang hmun lum eh hnawngah hian a hluar duh bika , ar chhuat phah (Litter) hmuar leh chaw hmuar emaw, ar awp keuna hmun atang tein ar in an kai ber.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : Arte damlo te chu harsa tih hmel takin an hmui kau reng chungin an thaw hlawi hlawi a, ri hnawk leh hnar ri erawh a awmlo thung. An damloh tan atanga ni khatah an thi mai thin.
B. Aflatoxicosis : Hei hi natna hrik ni lovin , hmuar chi khat Aspergillus flavus in ar chawhmuar leh ar in chhuatphah hmuar a a tur siam a ni.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : He natna hi ar in chaw hmuar emaw chhuat phah (Litter) hmuar an ei atanga kai chhawn thin a ni. Tin ar chaw pekna leh a bul vel hmuar atang pawhin a kai thei.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : He natna hi langsar lo takin farm tam takah a awm thin a, he natna tur Aflatoxin hi cancer siam thei a nih avangin arthin, chuap, la leh rilbawh ah te bawk thalo (tumour) a awm thluah thei, ar thin a lian hle in a dang lep bawk thin.
IV. Protozoa natna hrikin a thlen :
A.Coccidiosis : He natna hi natna hrik chi khat Protozoa an tih ho zinga mi Coccidia vang a ni a.
1) Natna inkai chhawn dan : He natna hrik hin ar leh ar in an inkai chhawn bakah, an ei tur leh intur atangte pawhin an inkai chhawng thei a. Farm enkawl tute leh sava leh rannung te pawhin he natna hrik hi an pu darh thei.
2) Natna lan chhuah dan : He natna hrik hian ril te a run a, ar ek thi bakah an hmul a pawr a, an nguai a, an vun a dang lawp a, chaw an ei duh lo bawk . Ar ek thi hi Natna hrikin a ril chhunglam an ei chhiat vang a ni a, a ril mai bakah a ril phir pawh an ti chhe tel thin.
3) Natna enkawl dan : Damdawi chikhat Coccidiostat hmangin a enkawl
theih bakah natna hi he damdawi vek hian a ven theih a ni.
V. Ar hri venna ( Vaccination /Immunization )
Vaccine hi ran hri, thi emaw lek leka sawngbawl,
ran taksa hrisela natna thlen phak lo hi vaccine chu a ni ber. Hei hi ran hrisel taksaah natna dotu antibodies
a inralrin tirin a puntir a, tichuan, natna hrik lakah ranin himna (immunity) a lo nei hial thin a ni. Natna do
lettu, antibody te hi chiu atanga kar 2-3 velah a lo tam tawk chhova , thla 6 aia rei a veng tlangpui thin. Tin, Arpui
tui lai Vaccine pek a nih chuan a tui a tangin a note ah inhlan chhawngin, ar note kar 2 vela upa a nih thlengin natna
do letna (immunity) a hlan chhawng thei.
Table : Ar hri venna thenkhat leh a hman dantlangpui
| Sl. No |
Natna hming | Vaccine chi hrangte |
Pek hun tur | Pek dan tur | Ven chhung |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ar pul hri (Newcastle disease/ Ranikhet disease) | Live Virus F.D Vaccine (mild strain) | 1-7 days | A mitah emaw a hnarah far khat | Thla 4-6 |
| 2 | -do- | Live Virus F.D Vaccine (Virullent strain) | kar 6-8 | 0.5 ml s/c, emaw i/m | Kum 1 |
| 3 | Ar hmai huh (Fowl Pox) | Pigeon pox vaccine (Live Virus) | kar 2 a upa ah | A thla to na ah emaw a thla hnuaiah | Thla 2-3 |
| 4 | -do- | Fowl Pox Vaccine (Freeze Dried) | kar6-8 | -do- | Kum 1 |
